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Water Supply & Water Resources
EPANET is a Windows
95/98/NT program that performs extended period simulation of
hydraulic and water-quality behavior within pressurized pipe
networks. A network can consist of pipes, nodes (pipe
junctions), pumps, valves and storage tanks or reservoirs.
EPANET tracks the flow of water in each pipe, the pressure
at each node, the height of water in each tank, and the
concentration of a chemical species throughout the network
during a simulation period comprised of multiple time steps.
In addition to chemical species, water age and source
tracing can also be simulated.
The
Windows version of EPANET provides an integrated environment
for editing network input data, running hydraulic and water
quality simulations, and viewing the results in a variety of
formats. These include color-coded network maps, data tables,
time series graphs, and contour plots.
EPANET
was developed by the Water Supply and Water Resources Division
(formerly the Drinking Water Research Division) of the U.S.
Environmental Protection Agency's National Risk Management
Research Laboratory. It is public domain software that may be
freely copied and distributed.
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Capabilities
EPANET provides a
fully-equipped, extended period hydraulic analysis package
which can:
-
handle systems of
any size
-
compute friction
head loss using the Hazen-Williams, Darcy-Weisbach, or
Chezy-Manning formulas
-
include minor head
losses for bends, fittings, etc.
-
model constant or
variable speed pumps
-
compute pumping
energy and cost
-
model various types
of valves including shutoff, check, pressure regulating,
and flow control valves
-
allow storage tanks
to have any shape (i.e., diameter can vary with height)
-
consider multiple
demand categories at nodes, each with its own pattern of
time variation
-
model pressure-dependent
flow issuing from emitters (sprinkler heads)
-
base system
operation on simple tank level or timer controls as well
as on complex rule-based controls.
In addition , EPANET's
water quality analyzer can:
-
model the movement
of a non-reactive tracer material through the network
over time
-
model the movement
and fate of a reactive material as it grows (e.g., a
disinfection by-product) or decays (e.g., chlorine
residual) with time
-
model the age of
water throughout a network
-
track the percent of
flow from a given node reaching all other nodes over
time
-
model reactions both
in the bulk flow and at the pipe wall
-
allow growth or
decay reactions to proceed up to a limiting
concentration
-
employ global
reaction rate coefficients that can be modified on a
pipe-by-pipe basis
-
allow for time-varying
concentration or mass inputs at any location in the
network
-
model storage tanks
as being either complete mix, plug flow, or two-compartment
reactors.
EPANET's Windows user
interface provides a visual network editor that simplifies
the process of building piping network models and editing
their properties. Various data reporting and visualization
tools are used to assist in interpreting the results of a
network analysis. These include graphical views (time series
plots, profile plots, contour plots, etc.), tabular views,
and special reports (energy usage, reaction, and calibration
reports).
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Applications
EPANET was specifically
developed to help water utilities maintain and improve the
quality of water delivered to consumers through their
distribution systems. It can be used to design sampling
programs, study disinfectant loss and by-product formation,
and conduct consumer exposure assessments. It can assist in
evaluating alternative strategies for improving water
quality such as altering source utilization within multi-source
systems, modifing pumping and tank filling/emptying
schedules to reduce water age, utilizing booster
disinfection stations at key locations to maintain target
residuals, and planning a cost-effective program of targeted
pipe cleaning and replacement.
EPANET
can also be used to plan and improve a system's hydraulic
performance. Pipe, pump and valve placement and sizing, energy
minimization, fire flow analysis, vulnerability studies, and
operator training are just some of the activities that EPANET
can assist with.
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Programmer's
Toolkit
The EPANET Programmer's
Toolkit is a dynamic link library (DLL) of functions that
allow developers to customize EPANET's computational engine
for their own specific needs. The functions can be
incorporated into 32-bit Windows applications written in
C/C++, Delphi Pascal, Visual Basic, or any other language
that can call functions within a Windows DLL. There are over
50 functions that can be used to open a network description
file, read and modify various network design and operating
parameters, run multiple extended period simulations
accessing results as they are generated or saving them to
file, and write selected results to file in a user-specified
format.
The
Tookit should prove useful for developing specialized
applications, such as optimization or automated calibration
models, that require running many network analyses as selected
input parameters are iteratively modified. It also can
simplify adding analysis capabilities to integrated network-modeling
environments based on CAD, GIS, and database packages.
A
Windows Help file is available that explains how to use the
various Toolkit functions and offers up some simple
programming examples. The Toolkit also includes several
different header files, function definition files, and .lib
files that simplify the task of interfacing it with C/C++,
Delphi, and Visual Basic code.
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Support
There is no formal
support offered for EPANET. An EPANET Users Listserve,
established by the University of Guelph, allows subscribers to
ask questions and exchange information . To subscribe, send an
email message to listserv@listserv.uoguelph.ca
 with
the words "subscribe epanet-users" (without the quotes)
in the body followed by your name.
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หรือที่นี่
http://www.epa.gov/ORD/NRMRL/wswrd/epanet.html
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