| external vibrator | เครื่องสั่นภายนอก (คอนกรีต) |
| Body force: | (english) An external force acting throughout the mass of a body. Gravity is a body force. An inertial force is a body force. |
| Distributed load: | (english) An external force which acts over a region of length, surface, or area: essentially any external force which is not a concentrated force. |
| External force: | (english) A surface force or body force acting on an object. External forces are sometimes called applied forces. |
| Internal force: | (english) Forces which hold an object together when external forces or other loads are applied. Internal forces are sometimes called resisting forces since they resist the effects of external forces. |
| Load: | (english) An external force. The term load is sometimes used to describe more general actions such as temperature differentials or movements such as foundation settlements. |
| Reaction: | (english) A reaction is a force exerted by a support on an object: sometimes called support reaction. Using this definition, a reaction is an external force. |
| Transmissibility: | (english) The principle stating that a force has the same external effect on an object regardless of where it acts along its line of action. |
| Adaptive maintenance - | (Software Engineering) activity associate with changing an application to make it conform to changes in its external environment |
| Black box testing - | (Software Engineering) testing that does not focus on the internal details of the program but uses external requirements |