| By-Pass | (english) Manual control used to by-pass automatic valve if it fails or in an emergency. |
| Couple: | (english) A system of forces composed of two equal forces of opposite direction, offset by a distance. A couple is statically equivalent to a moment whose magnitude equals the magnitude of the force times the offset distance. |
| Flexure: | (english) Bending deformation, i.e., deformation by increasing curvature. |
| Gravity: | (english) An attractive force between two objects; each object accelerates at a rate equal to the attractive force divided by the object's mass. Objects near the surface of the earth tend to accelerate toward the earth's center at a rate of ; this value is often called the gravitational constant and denoted as g. |
| Magnitude: | (english) A scalar value having physical units. |
| Pressure: | (english) Pressure is a similar idea to stress, the force intensity at a point, except that pressure means something acting on the surface of an object rather than within the material of the object. When discussing the pressure within a fluid, the meaning is equivalent to stress. |
| Resultant: | (english) The resultant of a system of forces is a single force or moment whose magnitude, direction, and location make it statically equivalent to the system of forces. |
| Scalar: | (english) A mathematical entity which has a numeric value but no direction (in contrast to a vector). |
| Statically equivalent: | (english) Two force systems are statically equivalent when their resultants are equal. Physically, this means that the force systems tend to impart the same motion when applied to an object; note that the distribution of resulting internal forces in the object may be different. |
| Stress resultant: | (english) A system of forces which is statically equivalent to a stress distribution over an area. |