| Backer (back-up plate) | (english) A “tool” or reinforcing part, which presses against the outer surface of an extrusion die, supporting it against the pressure of the extruding metal. The backer has an opening larger than the die aperture, allowing the extruded product to emerge without marring its soft surface. |
| Bar, Flask | (english) A rib in the cope of a tight flask to help support the sand. |
| Bearing Load | (english) A compressive load supported by a member, usually a tube or collar, along a line where contact is made with a pin, rivet, axle, or shaft. |
| Bolster (die block) | (english) A “tool” or reinforcing part which supports the backer-which, in turn, supports an extruding die against the pressure of extrusion. |
| Connection: | (english) Connection is similar to the concept of support, except that connection refers to a relationship between members in a structural model. A connection restrains degrees of freedom of one member with respect to another. For each restrained degree of freedom, there is a corresponding force transferred from one member to the other; forces associated with unrestrained degrees of freedom are zero. See fixed connection and pin connection. |
| Fixed support: | (english) In two dimensions, a fixed support restrains three degrees of freedom: two translations and one rotation. |
| Pin support: | (english) In two dimensions, a pin support restrains two translation degrees of freedom but does not restrain rotation. When considering reaction forces, a pin support is usually considered to have two force components: one each about the x and y axes respectively. |
| Reaction: | (english) A reaction is a force exerted by a support on an object: sometimes called support reaction. Using this definition, a reaction is an external force. |
| Roller support: | (english) In two dimensions, a roller support restrains one translation degree of freedom. |
| Structural model: | (english) An idealization for analysis purposes of a real or conceived structure. A structural model includes boundaries limiting the scope of the analysis. Supports occur at these boundaries, representing things which hold the structure in place. |