| Ottawa Sand | (Concrete Engineering) A sand used as a standard in testing hydraulic cements by means of mortar test specimens. Sand is produced by processing silica rock particles obtained by hydraulic mining of the orthoquartzite situated in open-pit deposits near Ottawa, Illinois; naturally rounded grains of nearly pure quartz. |
| Pozzolan (ASTM C 618) | (Concrete Engineering) A siliceous, or siliceous and aluminous material, which in itself possesses little or no cementitious value but will, in a finely divided form, such as a powder or liquid and in the presence of moisture, chemically react with calcium hydroxide at ordinary temperatures to form permanent, insoluble compounds possessing cementitious properties. |
| Pumping (of Pavements) | (Concrete Engineering) The ejection of a mixture of water and solid materials such as clay or silt along cracks, transverse or longitudinal joints, and along pavement edges caused by downward slab movement due to the passage of heavy loads, machinery or equipment over the pavement after free water has accumulated in or on the subbase, subgrade or basecourse. |
| Sack | (Concrete Engineering) A quantity of cement: 94 Ibs. in the United States, 87.5 Ibs. in Canada, for portland or air entraining portland cement, or as indicated on the sack for other kinds of cement. |
| Unit Water Content | (Concrete Engineering) The quantity of water per unit volume of freshly mixed concrete, often expressed as gallons or pounds per cubic yard. This is the quantity of water on which the water cement ratio is based, and does not include water absorbed by the aggregate |
| Vibration | (Concrete Engineering) Energetic agitation of concrete to assist in its consolidation, produced by mechanical oscillating devices at moderately high frequencies. (A.) External vibration employs a device attached to the forms and is particularly applicable to the manufacture of precast items and for the vibration of tunnel lining forms. (B.) Internal vibration employs an element which can be inserted into the concrete; and is more generally used for cast-in-place construction. |
| antique | วัตถุโบราณ ศิลป่าแก่ |
| applique | ลวดลายตกแต่ง เอาออกมาทำต่างหาด แล้วนำมาติดกับเฟอร์นิเจอร์นั้น ๆ ภายหลัง |
| aquarirm | สถานที่สำหรับเลี้ยงสัตว์น้ำ และพื้นทะเลที่มีชีวิตต่าง ๆ |
| aqueduct | ท่อ หรืออุโมงค์ขนาดใหญ่ให้น้ำไหลผ่าน ยกระดับสูง |