| ASR - Alkali-Silica Reactivity | (Concrete Engineering) The reaction of aggregates, which contain some form of silica or carbonates with sodium oxides or potassium oxides in cement, particularly in warm, moist climates or environments, causing expansion, cracking or popouts in concrete. |
| Blast Furnace Slag | (Concrete Engineering) A non-metallic waste product developed in the manufacture of pig iron, consisting basically of a mixture of lime, silica and alumina, the same oxides that make up portland cement, but not in the same proportions or forms. It is used both in the manufacture of portland blast furnace slag cement and as an aggregate for lightweight concrete. |
| Carbonation | (Concrete Engineering) 1) Reaction between the products of portland cement (soluble calcium hydroxides), water and carbon dioxide to produce insoluble calcium carbonate (efflorescence). 2) Soft white, chalky surface dusting of freshly placed, unhardened concrete caused by carbon dioxide from unvented heaters or gasoline powered equipment in an enclosed space. 3) Carbonated, dense, impermeable to absorption, top layer of the surface of concrete caused by surface reaction to carbon dioxide. This carbonated layer becomes denser and deeper over a period of time. 4) Reaction with carbon dioxide which produces a slight shrinkage in concrete. Improves chemical stability. Concrete masonry units during manufacturing may be deliberately exposed to carbon dioxide after reaching 80% strength to induce carbonation shrinkage to make the units more dimensionally stable. Future drying shrinkage is reduced by as much as 30%. |
| Pozzolan (ASTM C 618) | (Concrete Engineering) A siliceous, or siliceous and aluminous material, which in itself possesses little or no cementitious value but will, in a finely divided form, such as a powder or liquid and in the presence of moisture, chemically react with calcium hydroxide at ordinary temperatures to form permanent, insoluble compounds possessing cementitious properties. |
| mercuric oxide | ปรอทสีแดง |
| oxide | วัตถุที่มีอ๊อกซิเจนเป็นส่วนประกอบ |
| sodium hydroxide | โซดาไฟ |
| zinc oxide | สารประกอบของสังกะสีและอ๊อกซิเจน ใช้ทำแป้งหรือสีขาว |
| hydroxide | สารประกอบด้วยอ๊อกซิเจนและไฮโดรเจนจำพวกด่าง |
| lead peroxide | ตะกั่วผสมอ๊อกไซด์ใช้ทำแผ่นธาตุขั้วไฟฟ้า |