| Butt Welding | (english) Joining two edges or ends by placing one against the other and welding them. |
| Zircon | (english) The mineral zircon silicate, ZrSiO4, a very high melting point acid refractory material used as a molding material in steel foundries. |
| Body force: | (english) An external force acting throughout the mass of a body. Gravity is a body force. An inertial force is a body force. |
| Brittle: | (english) A brittle structure or material exhibits low ductility, meaning that it exhibits very little inelastic deformation before complete failure. |
| Centroid: | (english) Similar to the concept of center of gravity, except that it applies to a two dimensional shape rather than an object. For a given shape, the centroid location corresponds to the center of gravity for a thin flat plate of that shape, made from a homogeneous material. |
| Component (of a vector): | (english) Any vector can be expressed as a collection of vectors whose sum is equal to the original vector. Each vector in this collection is a component of the original vector. It is common to express a vector in terms of components which are parallel to the x and y axes. |
| Concentrated force: | (english) A force considered to act along a single line in space. Concentrated forces are useful mathematical idealizations, but cannot be found in the real world, where all forces are either body forces acting over a volume or surface forces acting over an area. |
| Connection: | (english) Connection is similar to the concept of support, except that connection refers to a relationship between members in a structural model. A connection restrains degrees of freedom of one member with respect to another. For each restrained degree of freedom, there is a corresponding force transferred from one member to the other; forces associated with unrestrained degrees of freedom are zero. See fixed connection and pin connection. |
| Degree of Freedom: | (english) A displacement quantity which defines the shape and location of an object. In the two dimensional plane, a rigid object has three degrees of freedom: two translations and one rotation. In three dimensional space, a rigid object has six degrees of freedom (three translations and three rotations). |
| Ductility: | (english) Ductility generally refers to the amount of inelastic deformation which a material or structure experiences before complete failure. Quantitatively, ductility can be defined as the ratio of the total displacement or strain at failure, divided by the displacement or strain at the elastic limit. |