Shear: |
(english) An system of internal forces whose resultant is a force acting perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of a structural member or assembly: sometimes called shear force. |
Shear stress: |
(english) Stress acting parallel to an imaginary plane cut through an object. |
Shear strain: |
(english) Strain measuring the intensity of racking in the material. Shear strain is measured as the change in angle of the corners of a small square of material. |
Statically determinate: |
(english) A statically determinate structure is one where there is only one distribution of internal forces and reactions which satisfies equilibrium. In a statically determinate structure, internal forces and reactions can be determined by considering nothing more than equations of equilibrium. |
Statically equivalent: |
(english) Two force systems are statically equivalent when their resultants are equal. Physically, this means that the force systems tend to impart the same motion when applied to an object; note that the distribution of resulting internal forces in the object may be different. |
Statically indeterminate: |
(english) A statically indeterminate structure is one where there is more than one distribution of internal forces and/or reactions which satisfies equilibrium. |
Stiffness: |
(english) This is a general term which may be applied to materials or structures. When a force is applied to a structure, there is a displacement in the direction of the force; stiffness is the ratio of the force divided by the displacement. High stiffness means that a large force produces a small displacement. When discussing the stiffness of a material, the concept is the same, except that stress substitutes for force, and strain substitutes for displacement; see modulus of elasticity. |
Strength: |
(english) A very general term that may be applied to a material or a structure. In a material, strength refers to a level of stress at which there is a significant change in the state of the material, e.g., yielding or rupture. In a structure, strength refers to a level of level of loading which produces a significant change in the state of the structure, e.g., inelastic deformations, buckling, or collapse. |
Stress resultant: |
(english) A system of forces which is statically equivalent to a stress distribution over an area. |
Yield stress: |
(english) A material loaded beyond its yield stress, no longer exhibits linear elastic behavior. Metals, particularly mild steel, generally have a very well defined yield stress compared to other materials. Yield stress is sometimes called yield strength. |