| Procaryotic organisms | (Environmental Engineering) Organisms which do not have a cellular membrane. |
| Producers | (Environmental Engineering) Autotrophic organisms which produce protoplasm using inorganic carbon and energy from the sun. |
| Weak acid | (Environmental Engineering) An acid that does not ionize completely under the conditions of interest. Examples include acetic acid, carbonic acid, and hypochlorous acid. See strong acid. |
| ASR - Alkali-Silica Reactivity | (Concrete Engineering) The reaction of aggregates, which contain some form of silica or carbonates with sodium oxides or potassium oxides in cement, particularly in warm, moist climates or environments, causing expansion, cracking or popouts in concrete. |
| Calcareous | (Concrete Engineering) Containing calcium carbonate or, less generally, containing the element calcium. |
| Calcium Aluminate Cement | (Concrete Engineering) The product obtained by pulverizing clinker consisting essentially of hydraulic calcium aluminates resulting from fusing or sintering a suitable proportioned mixture of aluminous and calcareous materials. |
| Carbonation | (Concrete Engineering) 1) Reaction between the products of portland cement (soluble calcium hydroxides), water and carbon dioxide to produce insoluble calcium carbonate (efflorescence). 2) Soft white, chalky surface dusting of freshly placed, unhardened concrete caused by carbon dioxide from unvented heaters or gasoline powered equipment in an enclosed space. 3) Carbonated, dense, impermeable to absorption, top layer of the surface of concrete caused by surface reaction to carbon dioxide. This carbonated layer becomes denser and deeper over a period of time. 4) Reaction with carbon dioxide which produces a slight shrinkage in concrete. Improves chemical stability. Concrete masonry units during manufacturing may be deliberately exposed to carbon dioxide after reaching 80% strength to induce carbonation shrinkage to make the units more dimensionally stable. Future drying shrinkage is reduced by as much as 30%. |
| carcass | โครงโกลน, อาคารหรือโครงสร้างที่ทำโครงโกลนเสร็จแล้วแต่ส่วนอื่นๆ ยังไม่เสร็จ |
| carborundum paper | กระดาษทราย |
| carcase | โครงร่างของเฟอร์นิเจอร์ |